Guest Suellen Postado Agosto 12, 2004 Denunciar Share Postado Agosto 12, 2004 Por favor, me ajuda a entender o applet Tic Tac Toe que vem junto como J2SDK!!Não consigo entender 2 coisas:1º Qual a sequência do código até o final do programa, pois possui uma únicaclasse e não sei qual sequência dos métodos é feita.2º não entendi porque o programa usa deslocamento de bits e operadores sobre bits.Por favor se você puder me explicar alguma das dúvidas ficarei muito grata.Obrigada!!!O Código vai abaixo:/* * Copyright © 2003 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * * -Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * * -Redistribution in binary form must reproduct the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * * Neither the name of Sun Microsystems, Inc. or the names of contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * This software is provided "AS IS," without a warranty of any kind. ALL * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING * ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. SUN AND ITS LICENSORS SHALL NOT * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITIES SUFFERED BY LICENSEE AS A RESULT * OF OR RELATING TO USE, MODIFICATION OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOFTWARE OR ITS * DERIVATIVES. IN NO EVENT WILL SUN OR ITS LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST * REVENUE, PROFIT OR DATA, OR FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, * INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, HOWEVER CAUSED AND REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY * OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE SOFTWARE, EVEN * IF SUN HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. * * You acknowledge that Software is not designed, licensed or intended for * use in the design, construction, operation or maintenance of any nuclear * facility. *//* * @(#)TicTacToe.java 1.8 03/01/23 */import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;import java.awt.image.*;import java.net.*;import java.applet.*;/** * A TicTacToe applet. A very simple, and mostly brain-dead * implementation of your favorite game! <p> * * In this game a position is represented by a white and black * bitmask. A bit is set if a position is ocupied. There are * 9 squares so there are 1<<9 possible positions for each * side. An array of 1<<9 booleans is created, it marks * all the winning positions. * * @version 1.2, 13 Oct 1995 * @author Arthur van Hoff * @modified 04/23/96 Jim Hagen : winning sounds * @modified 02/10/98 Mike McCloskey : added destroy() */publicclass TicTacToe extends Applet implements MouseListener { /** * White's current position. The computer is white. */ int white; /** * Black's current position. The user is black. */ int black; /** * The squares in order of importance... */ final static int moves[] = {4, 0, 2, 6, 8, 1, 3, 5, 7}; /** * The winning positions. */ static boolean won[] = new boolean[1 << 9]; static final int DONE = (1 << 9) - 1; static final int OK = 0; static final int WIN = 1; static final int LOSE = 2; static final int STALEMATE = 3; /** * Mark all positions with these bits set as winning. */ static void isWon(int pos) { for (int i = 0 ; i < DONE ; i++) { if ((i & pos) == pos) { won = true; } } } /** * Initialize all winning positions. */ static { isWon((1 << 0) | (1 << 1) | (1 << 2)); isWon((1 << 3) | (1 << 4) | (1 << 5)); isWon((1 << 6) | (1 << 7) | (1 << 8)); isWon((1 << 0) | (1 << 3) | (1 << 6)); isWon((1 << 1) | (1 << 4) | (1 << 7)); isWon((1 << 2) | (1 << 5) | (1 << 8)); isWon((1 << 0) | (1 << 4) | (1 << 8)); isWon((1 << 2) | (1 << 4) | (1 << 6)); } /** * Compute the best move for white. * @return the square to take */ int bestMove(int white, int black) { int bestmove = -1; loop: for (int i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++) { int mw = moves; if (((white & (1 << mw)) == 0) && ((black & (1 << mw)) == 0)) { int pw = white | (1 << mw); if (won[pw]) { // white wins, take it! return mw; } for (int mb = 0 ; mb < 9 ; mb++) { if (((pw & (1 << mb)) == 0) && ((black & (1 << mb)) == 0)) { int pb = black | (1 << mb); if (won[pb]) { // black wins, take another continue loop; } } } // Neither white nor black can win in one move, this will do. if (bestmove == -1) { bestmove = mw; } } } if (bestmove != -1) { return bestmove; } // No move is totally satisfactory, try the first one that is open for (int i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++) { int mw = moves; if (((white & (1 << mw)) == 0) && ((black & (1 << mw)) == 0)) { return mw; } } // No more moves return -1; } /** * User move. * @return true if legal */ boolean yourMove(int m) { if ((m < 0) || (m > 8)) { return false; } if (((black | white) & (1 << m)) != 0) { return false; } black |= 1 << m; return true; } /** * Computer move. * @return true if legal */ boolean myMove() { if ((black | white) == DONE) { return false; } int best = bestMove(white, black); white |= 1 << best; return true; } /** * Figure what the status of the game is. */ int status() { if (won[white]) { return WIN; } if (won[black]) { return LOSE; } if ((black | white) == DONE) { return STALEMATE; } return OK; } /** * Who goes first in the next game? */ boolean first = true; /** * The image for white. */ Image notImage; /** * The image for black. */ Image crossImage; /** * Initialize the applet. Resize and load images. */ public void init() { notImage = getImage(getCodeBase(), "images/not.gif"); crossImage = getImage(getCodeBase(), "images/cross.gif"); addMouseListener(this); } public void destroy() { removeMouseListener(this); } /** * Paint it. */ public void paint(Graphics g) { Dimension d = getSize(); g.setColor(Color.black); int xoff = d.width / 3; int yoff = d.height / 3; g.drawLine(xoff, 0, xoff, d.height); g.drawLine(2*xoff, 0, 2*xoff, d.height); g.drawLine(0, yoff, d.width, yoff); g.drawLine(0, 2*yoff, d.width, 2*yoff); int i = 0; for (int r = 0 ; r < 3 ; r++) { for (int c = 0 ; c < 3 ; c++, i++) { if ((white & (1 << i)) != 0) { g.drawImage(notImage, c*xoff + 1, r*yoff + 1, this); } else if ((black & (1 << i)) != 0) { g.drawImage(crossImage, c*xoff + 1, r*yoff + 1, this); } } } } /** * The user has clicked in the applet. Figure out where * and see if a legal move is possible. If it is a legal * move, respond with a legal move (if possible). */ public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) { int x = e.getX(); int y = e.getY(); switch (status()) { case WIN: case LOSE: case STALEMATE: play(getCodeBase(), "audio/return.au"); white = black = 0; if (first) { white |= 1 << (int)(Math.random() * 9); } first = !first; repaint(); return; } // Figure out the row/column Dimension d = getSize(); int c = (x * 3) / d.width; int r = (y * 3) / d.height; if (yourMove(c + r * 3)) { repaint(); switch (status()) { case WIN: play(getCodeBase(), "audio/yahoo1.au"); break; case LOSE: play(getCodeBase(), "audio/yahoo2.au"); break; case STALEMATE: break; default: if (myMove()) { repaint(); switch (status()) { case WIN: play(getCodeBase(), "audio/yahoo1.au"); break; case LOSE: play(getCodeBase(), "audio/yahoo2.au"); break; case STALEMATE: break; default: play(getCodeBase(), "audio/ding.au"); } } else { play(getCodeBase(), "audio/beep.au"); } } } else { play(getCodeBase(), "audio/beep.au"); } } public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { } public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) { } public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) { } public String getAppletInfo() { return "TicTacToe by Arthur van Hoff"; }} Citar Link para o comentário Compartilhar em outros sites More sharing options...
0 iSoron Postado Agosto 14, 2004 Denunciar Share Postado Agosto 14, 2004 É bem dificil entender um código totalmente concluído sem nenhuma documentação, ou especificação sobre o funcionamento do algoritmo. Se você vir um código pronto de programação dinâmica, é simplesmente impossivel de entender.Acho melhor você tentar criar o seu proprio algoritmo para jogar Tic Tac Toe, ao invés de tentar entender esse. Quanto aos deslocamentos de bits, ele usou pra evitar o uso de arrays, pelo que eu vi. Assim, já que seria um array de 0 ou 1, melhor usar um int logo. Isso, porém deixou o código muito feio e incompreensivel, pois só o autor sabe o que significa. Té mais! Citar Link para o comentário Compartilhar em outros sites More sharing options...
0 Guest Guest Postado Agosto 14, 2004 Denunciar Share Postado Agosto 14, 2004 É bem dificil entender um código totalmente concluído sem nenhuma documentação, ou especificação sobre o funcionamento do algoritmo. Se você vir um código pronto de programação dinâmica, é simplesmente impossivel de entender.Acho melhor você tentar criar o seu proprio algoritmo para jogar Tic Tac Toe, ao invés de tentar entender esse. Quanto aos deslocamentos de bits, ele usou pra evitar o uso de arrays, pelo que eu vi. Assim, já que seria um array de 0 ou 1, melhor usar um int logo. Isso, porém deixou o código muito feio e incompreensivel, pois só o autor sabe o que significa. Té mais! Olá, obrigada pela atenção...Primeiramente, confesso que nem tenho a IDE do java, faço no bloco de notasmesmo e por isso nem posso usar debug, mas criei janelas para imprimir osvalores de cada iteração das funções e vi números como 400,500...Não entendipara quê tudo isso...Eu fiz um jogo da velha em delphi e é muito mais fácil e nãousei nada disso...Minha irmãzinha sempre dizia p/ mim, não invente a roda, tente entender o que já foi criado, afinal perde-se menos tempo. Eu queria entender, porque se foi criado pelopessoal da Sun, deve ser um código otimizado não é?Agora eu queria que cada um dos 9 campos do jogo da velha fosse um botão, e ao clicar em um deles, surgisse uma imagem dentro do botão, assim evitaria tudo aquilo, mas acho que não dá né...Estou confusa em relação a este código que usa muito operador de bits...Agradeço pela orientação!Até mais!Suellen Citar Link para o comentário Compartilhar em outros sites More sharing options...
Pergunta
Guest Suellen
Por favor, me ajuda a entender o applet Tic Tac Toe que vem junto com
o J2SDK!!
Não consigo entender 2 coisas:
1º Qual a sequência do código até o final do programa, pois possui uma única
classe e não sei qual sequência dos métodos é feita.
2º não entendi porque o programa usa deslocamento de bits e operadores sobre bits.
Por favor se você puder me explicar alguma das dúvidas ficarei muito grata.
Obrigada!!!
O Código vai abaixo:
/*
* Copyright © 2003 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* -Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* -Redistribution in binary form must reproduct the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
* the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* Neither the name of Sun Microsystems, Inc. or the names of contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* This software is provided "AS IS," without a warranty of any kind. ALL
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING
* ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. SUN AND ITS LICENSORS SHALL NOT
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITIES SUFFERED BY LICENSEE AS A RESULT
* OF OR RELATING TO USE, MODIFICATION OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOFTWARE OR ITS
* DERIVATIVES. IN NO EVENT WILL SUN OR ITS LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST
* REVENUE, PROFIT OR DATA, OR FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL,
* INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, HOWEVER CAUSED AND REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY
* OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE SOFTWARE, EVEN
* IF SUN HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
*
* You acknowledge that Software is not designed, licensed or intended for
* use in the design, construction, operation or maintenance of any nuclear
* facility.
*/
/*
* @(#)TicTacToe.java 1.8 03/01/23
*/
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.applet.*;
/**
* A TicTacToe applet. A very simple, and mostly brain-dead
* implementation of your favorite game! <p>
*
* In this game a position is represented by a white and black
* bitmask. A bit is set if a position is ocupied. There are
* 9 squares so there are 1<<9 possible positions for each
* side. An array of 1<<9 booleans is created, it marks
* all the winning positions.
*
* @version 1.2, 13 Oct 1995
* @author Arthur van Hoff
* @modified 04/23/96 Jim Hagen : winning sounds
* @modified 02/10/98 Mike McCloskey : added destroy()
*/
public
class TicTacToe extends Applet implements MouseListener {
/**
* White's current position. The computer is white.
*/
int white;
/**
* Black's current position. The user is black.
*/
int black;
/**
* The squares in order of importance...
*/
final static int moves[] = {4, 0, 2, 6, 8, 1, 3, 5, 7};
/**
* The winning positions.
*/
static boolean won[] = new boolean[1 << 9];
static final int DONE = (1 << 9) - 1;
static final int OK = 0;
static final int WIN = 1;
static final int LOSE = 2;
static final int STALEMATE = 3;
/**
* Mark all positions with these bits set as winning.
*/
static void isWon(int pos) {
for (int i = 0 ; i < DONE ; i++) {
if ((i & pos) == pos) {
won = true;
}
}
}
/**
* Initialize all winning positions.
*/
static {
isWon((1 << 0) | (1 << 1) | (1 << 2));
isWon((1 << 3) | (1 << 4) | (1 << 5));
isWon((1 << 6) | (1 << 7) | (1 << 8));
isWon((1 << 0) | (1 << 3) | (1 << 6));
isWon((1 << 1) | (1 << 4) | (1 << 7));
isWon((1 << 2) | (1 << 5) | (1 << 8));
isWon((1 << 0) | (1 << 4) | (1 << 8));
isWon((1 << 2) | (1 << 4) | (1 << 6));
}
/**
* Compute the best move for white.
* @return the square to take
*/
int bestMove(int white, int black) {
int bestmove = -1;
loop:
for (int i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++) {
int mw = moves;
if (((white & (1 << mw)) == 0) && ((black & (1 << mw)) == 0)) {
int pw = white | (1 << mw);
if (won[pw]) {
// white wins, take it!
return mw;
}
for (int mb = 0 ; mb < 9 ; mb++) {
if (((pw & (1 << mb)) == 0) && ((black & (1 << mb)) == 0)) {
int pb = black | (1 << mb);
if (won[pb]) {
// black wins, take another
continue loop;
}
}
}
// Neither white nor black can win in one move, this will do.
if (bestmove == -1) {
bestmove = mw;
}
}
}
if (bestmove != -1) {
return bestmove;
}
// No move is totally satisfactory, try the first one that is open
for (int i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++) {
int mw = moves;
if (((white & (1 << mw)) == 0) && ((black & (1 << mw)) == 0)) {
return mw;
}
}
// No more moves
return -1;
}
/**
* User move.
* @return true if legal
*/
boolean yourMove(int m) {
if ((m < 0) || (m > 8)) {
return false;
}
if (((black | white) & (1 << m)) != 0) {
return false;
}
black |= 1 << m;
return true;
}
/**
* Computer move.
* @return true if legal
*/
boolean myMove() {
if ((black | white) == DONE) {
return false;
}
int best = bestMove(white, black);
white |= 1 << best;
return true;
}
/**
* Figure what the status of the game is.
*/
int status() {
if (won[white]) {
return WIN;
}
if (won[black]) {
return LOSE;
}
if ((black | white) == DONE) {
return STALEMATE;
}
return OK;
}
/**
* Who goes first in the next game?
*/
boolean first = true;
/**
* The image for white.
*/
Image notImage;
/**
* The image for black.
*/
Image crossImage;
/**
* Initialize the applet. Resize and load images.
*/
public void init() {
notImage = getImage(getCodeBase(), "images/not.gif");
crossImage = getImage(getCodeBase(), "images/cross.gif");
addMouseListener(this);
}
public void destroy() {
removeMouseListener(this);
}
/**
* Paint it.
*/
public void paint(Graphics g) {
Dimension d = getSize();
g.setColor(Color.black);
int xoff = d.width / 3;
int yoff = d.height / 3;
g.drawLine(xoff, 0, xoff, d.height);
g.drawLine(2*xoff, 0, 2*xoff, d.height);
g.drawLine(0, yoff, d.width, yoff);
g.drawLine(0, 2*yoff, d.width, 2*yoff);
int i = 0;
for (int r = 0 ; r < 3 ; r++) {
for (int c = 0 ; c < 3 ; c++, i++) {
if ((white & (1 << i)) != 0) {
g.drawImage(notImage, c*xoff + 1, r*yoff + 1, this);
} else if ((black & (1 << i)) != 0) {
g.drawImage(crossImage, c*xoff + 1, r*yoff + 1, this);
}
}
}
}
/**
* The user has clicked in the applet. Figure out where
* and see if a legal move is possible. If it is a legal
* move, respond with a legal move (if possible).
*/
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
int x = e.getX();
int y = e.getY();
switch (status()) {
case WIN:
case LOSE:
case STALEMATE:
play(getCodeBase(), "audio/return.au");
white = black = 0;
if (first) {
white |= 1 << (int)(Math.random() * 9);
}
first = !first;
repaint();
return;
}
// Figure out the row/column
Dimension d = getSize();
int c = (x * 3) / d.width;
int r = (y * 3) / d.height;
if (yourMove(c + r * 3)) {
repaint();
switch (status()) {
case WIN:
play(getCodeBase(), "audio/yahoo1.au");
break;
case LOSE:
play(getCodeBase(), "audio/yahoo2.au");
break;
case STALEMATE:
break;
default:
if (myMove()) {
repaint();
switch (status()) {
case WIN:
play(getCodeBase(), "audio/yahoo1.au");
break;
case LOSE:
play(getCodeBase(), "audio/yahoo2.au");
break;
case STALEMATE:
break;
default:
play(getCodeBase(), "audio/ding.au");
}
} else {
play(getCodeBase(), "audio/beep.au");
}
}
} else {
play(getCodeBase(), "audio/beep.au");
}
}
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
}
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
}
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {
}
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {
}
public String getAppletInfo() {
return "TicTacToe by Arthur van Hoff";
}
}
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